Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP)
Designed to put skeptics ASLEeP?

"The ALSEP system and instruments were controlled by commands from Earth. The stations ran from deployment until they were turned off on 30 September 1977 due primarily to budgetary considerations. Additionally, by 1977 the power packs could not run both the transmitter and any other instrument, and the ALSEP control room was needed for the attempt to reactivate Skylab."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Surface_Experiments_Package

NONE of the experiments have worked since 1977
except for the Laser RetroReflector, which is suspect
Experiment monitoring was shut down nine months after Jimmy Carter became President.

According to the ‘debunkers,’ the fact that observatories to this day bounce lasers off the alleged targets proves that the Apollo missions succeeded. Some skeptics have suggested that the targets were actually placed there robotically, but it seems unlikely that anyone would go to so much trouble and expense when it has been known since as early as 1962 that such targets are completely unnecessary.

In December 1966, National Geographic reported that scientists at MIT had been achieving the same result for four years by bouncing a laser off the surface of the Moon. The New York Times added that the Soviets had been doing the same thing since at least 1963.

Even without the knowledge that such measurements were being accurately taken at least seven years before the targets were allegedly placed, it would not have been hard to figure out that there aren’t actually any laser targets on the Moon.

In the image above, the surrounding footprints tell us that the target is roughly the size of the computer monitor you are now staring at. Does anyone truly believe – and I’m including all the True Believers out there – that we had the technology in the late 1960s and early 1970s to hit a target of that size with a laser beam from at least 234,000 miles away? Does anyone believe that we have the technology to do it now?

If so, then can one of NASA’s shills please explain exactly how we are able to do it? How do we know exactly where to point the laser? How exactly do we pinpoint the locations of the targets? The reason I ask is because the ‘debunkers’ have said for years that we don’t have anything here on Earth with anywhere near the optical power to find the abandoned lunar modules, which is why we have never seen any images of Earthly artifacts on the Moon. But the laser targets are obviously much smaller than the landers, so how are we able to ‘see’ and target them?

All those probes orbiting the Moon can’t even ‘see’ the lunar modules from a distance of only 69 miles above the lunar surface, so how exactly are we able to pinpoint the location of something a fraction of that size from almost a quarter of a million miles away?   - Dave McGowan

After 40 years' reflection, laser moon mirror project is axed 

Amplifier and repeater could have been placed on the Moon
to make it appear that men landed on the Moon.
and to send back seismic data, simulate experiments set up by men.
For example, the Russians have a roving vehicle, as does China.

They can do many functions that men were supposed to have done.

Pitifully short horizon.

The Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) comprised a set of scientific instruments placed by the astronauts at the landing site of each of the fiveApollo missions to land on the Moon following Apollo 11 (Apollos 12, 14, 15, 16, and17). Apollo 11 left a smaller package called the Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package, or EASEP.Deployment[edit]

The ALSEP was stored in the LM's Scientific Equipment (SEQ) Bay in two separate subpackages. The base of the first subpackage formed the Central Station while the base of the second subpackage was part of the RTG. A subpallet was also attached to the second subpackage which usually carried one or two of the experiments and the antenna gimbal assembly. On Apollo 12, 13, and 14, the second subpackage also stored the Lunar Hand Tool Carrier (HTC). The exact deployment of experiments differed by mission. The following pictures show a typical procedure from Apollo 12.

Common elements[edit]

Each ALSEP station had some common elements.

	Name	Diagram	Picture	Description
	Central Station			The picture shows the Central Station from Apollo 16's ALSEP. The Central Station was essentially the command center for the entire ALSEP station. It received commands from Earth, transmitted data, and distributed power to each experiment. Communications with Earth were achieved through a 58 cm long, 3.8 cm diameter modified axial-helical antenna mounted on top of the Central Station and pointed towards Earth by the astronauts. Transmitters, receivers, data processors and multiplexers were housed within the Central Station. The Central Station was a 25 kg box with a stowed volume of 34,800 cubic cm. In addition, on Apollos 12 to 15, a Dust Detector was mounted on the Central Station which measured the accumulation of Lunar dust.
	Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG)			The picture shows the RTG from Apollo 14 with the Central Station in the background. The RTG was the power source for the ALSEP. It utilized the heat from the radioactive decay ofplutonium-238 and thermocouples to generate approximately 70 watts of power. The base of the RTG was the base of the second ALSEP subpackage.
	RTG Cask			The RTG cask stored the plutonium-238 fuel element. It was located to left of the SEQ bay. The cask was designed to withstand a launch vehicle explosion in the event of an abort or a re-entry into Earth's atmosphere (which is what occurred on Apollo 13). The picture shows Edgar Mitchell practicing the removal of the fuel element.

List of experiments[edit]

	Name	Diagram	Description
	Active Seismic Experiment (ASE)		Through the use of seismology the internal structure of the Moon could be determined to several hundred feet underground. The ASE consisted of three major components. A set of three geophones was laid out in a line by an astronaut from the Central Station to detect the explosions.[2] A mortar package was designed to lob a set of four explosives from varying distances away from the ALSEP. Finally, an astronaut-activated Thumper was used to detonate one of 22 charges to create a small shock. The diagram shows the Thumper device.
	Charged Particle Lunar Environment Experiment (CPLEE)		The CPLEE was designed to measure the fluxes of charged particles such aselectrons and ions.
	Cold Cathode Gauge Experiment (CCGE)		The CCGE was essentially a stand-alone version of the CCIG.
	Cold Cathode Ion Gauge (CCIG)		The CCIG experiment was designed to measure the pressure of the Lunar atmosphere. It was originally designed to be part of the SIDE, but its strong magnetic field would have caused interference. The CCIG is on the right of the SIDE in the diagram.
	Heat Flow Experiment (HFE)		The HFE was designed to make thermal measurements of the Lunar subsurface in order to determine the rate at which heat flows out of the interior. The measurements could help determine the abundance of radioisotopes and help understand the thermal evolution of the Moon. The HFE consisted of an electronics box and two probes. Each probe was placed in a hole by an astronaut that was drilled to about 2.5 m deep.
	Laser Ranging Retroreflector (LRRR)		Main article: Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment By reflecting a laser shot from Earth off one of LRRRs, the distance to the Moon could be accurately determined. The information could be used to study Lunar recession due to tidal dissipation and the irregular motion of the Earth. The LRRRs are the only experiments still in use today. The above diagram shows the Apollo 11version. Apollo 14's was similar to Apollo 11's. The lower diagram shows the larger Apollo 15 version.
	Lunar Atmosphere Composition Experiment (LACE)		The LACE was designed to detect the composition of the Lunar atmosphere.
	Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites Experiment (LEAM)		The LEAM was designed to detect secondary particles that had been ejected by meteorite impacts on the lunar surface and to detect primary micrometeorites themselves.[3] See Lunar soil for some experiment results.
	Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment (LSPE)		The LSPE was similar to the ASE except the expected depth was to be several kilometers. It consisted of three major components. A set of four geophones was laid out near the ALSEP by an astronaut.[2] The LSPE antenna was used to send signals to the charges. There were eight charges, each consisting of various sizes ranging from 1/8 to 6 lbs. The charges were deployed during the rover traverses.
	Lunar Surface Gravimeter (LSG)		The LSG was designed to make very accurate measurements of lunar gravity and its change over time. It was hoped the data could be used to prove the existence of gravitational waves.
	Lunar Surface Magnetometer (LSM)		The LSM was designed to measure the Lunar magnetic field. The data could be used to determine electrical properties of the subsurface. It was also used to study the interaction of solar plasma and the Lunar surface.
	Passive Seismic Experiment (PSE)		The PSE was designed to detect "moonquakes," either naturally or artificially created, to help study the structure of the subsurface.
	Passive Seismic Experiment Package (PSEP)		Similar to the PSE, except it was self-supporting. This meant it carried its own power source (solar arrays), electronics, and communications equipment. In addition, the PSEP also carried a Dust Detector.
	Solar Wind Spectrometer Experiment (SWS)		The SWS was designed to study solar wind properties and its effects on the Lunar environment.
	Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE)		The SIDE was designed to measure various properties of positive ions in the Lunar environment, provide data on the plasma interaction between solar wind and the Moon, and to determine the electrical potential of the Lunar surface.

List of missions[edit]

Each mission had a different array of experiments.

Apollo 11 (EASEP)[edit]

 

On Apollo 11, Buzz Aldrin simply carried the EASEP to the deployment site by using handles. This is different from the carrybar used on later missions.

Because of the risk of an early abort on the Moon, geologists persuaded NASA to permit only experiments that could be set up or completed in 10 minutes.^[4] As a result Apollo 11 did not leave a full ALSEP package, but left a simpler version called the Early Apollo Surface Experiments Package (EASEP). Since there was only one 2 hour 40 minute EVA planned, the crew would not have enough time to deploy a full ALSEP, which usually took one to two hours to deploy. Both packages were stored in the LM's SEQ bay.

Engineers designed the EASEP to deploy with one squeeze handle, and the Laser Ranging Retro Reflector (LRRR) also deployed within ten minutes. Despite the simpler design, the seismometer was sensitive enough to detect Neil Armstrong's movements during sleep.^[4]

Name	Picture	Notes
LRRR		Notice that the black dust cover has not yet been removed.
PSEP		Failed after 21 days.

Apollo 12[edit]

 

Layout for Apollo 12's ALSEP

Name	Picture	Notes
LSM		Stored on the first subpackage.
PSE		Stored on the first subpackage.
SWS		Stored on the first subpackage.
SIDE/CCIG		Stored on the second subpackage as part of the subpallet. The CCIG can be seen to the left of the SIDE. The CCIG failed after only 14 hours.

The antenna gimbal assembly was stored on the subpallet. The stool for the PSE, the ALSEP tools, carrybar, and HTC was stored on the second subpackage.

Apollo 13[edit]

 

Planned layout for Apollo 13's ALSEP

 

A recording of the Apollo 13 S-IVB's impact on the lunar surface as detected by the Apollo 12 Passive Seismic Experiment.

Because of the aborted landing, none of the experiments were deployed. However, the Apollo 13 S-IVB stage was deliberately crashed on the Moon to provide a signal for the Apollo 12 PSE.

The antenna gimbal assembly was stored on the first subpackage. The stool for the PSE, the ALSEP tools, carrybar, and the Lunar drill was stored on the subpallet. The HTC was stored on the second subpackage.

Apollo 14[edit]

 

Layout for Apollo 14's ALSEP

Name	Picture	Notes
ASE		The above image shows the mortar device. The lower one shows Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell operating the Thumper. The mortar, geophones, and Thumper was stored on the first subpackage. Thirteen of the twenty-two Thumper charges were fired successfully.[2] Because of concerns about the deployment of the mortar, none of the four explosives were fired. There was an attempt to fire them at the end of the ALSEP's operational lifetime, but the charges failed to work after being dormant for so long.
CPLEE		Stored on the first subpackage.
LRRR		Stored in Quad I of the LM and brought to the ALSEP site separately.
PSE		Stored on the first subpackage.
SIDE/CCIG		Stored on the subpallet. The SIDE is in the upper-left corner while the CCIG is in the center of the picture.

The antenna gimbal assembly was stored on the subpallet. The stool for the PSE, the ALSEP tools, carrybar, and HTC was stored on the second subpackage.

Apollo 15[edit]

 

Layout of Apollo 15's ALSEP

Name	Picture	Notes
HFE		The center of the picture shows the electronics box and the two wires going to each of the probes. Stored on the second subpackage. During the drilling operations for each of the holes, more resistance was encountered than expected. As a result, the probes could not be inserted to their planned depth. Accurate scientific data could not be obtained from the Apollo 15 experiment until the data could be compared to Apollo 17's.
LRRR		Stored in Quad III of the LM and brought to the ALSEP site via the Lunar rover.
LSM		Stored on the first subpackage.
PSE		Stored on the first subpackage.
SWS		Stored on the first subpackage.
SIDE/CCIG		The SIDE is on the left while the CCIG is attached on the right. Stored on the subpallet. Note the tilt of the SIDE. This was necessary because of the latitude of Apollo 15's landing site. Also note the boom connecting the SIDE and CCIG. This redesign was done because earlier crews complained about the difficulty to deploy the SIDE/CCIG when only wires connected the two experiments.

The antenna gimbal assembly was stored on the subpallet. The ALSEP tools, carrybar, and stool for the PSE was stored on the second subpackage.

Apollo 16[edit]

 

Layout for Apollo 16's ALSEP

Name	Picture	Notes
ASE	br	The pictures show the mortar pack (top) and thumper (bottom). Note the new mortar base used to improve the experiment after problems were encountered with Apollo 14's. The mortar, geophones, and Thumper was stored on the first subpackage. The base of the mortar box was stored on the second subpackage. After three of the explosives were fired successfully, the pitch sensor went off scale. It was then decided not to fire the fourth explosive. Nineteen of the Thumper charges were successfully fired.[2]
HFE		The picture shows the one heat flow probe that was successfully deployed. Stored on the second subpackage. After successfully deploying one of the probes, Commander John Young inadvertently caught his foot on the cable to the experiment from the Central Station. The cable was pulled out of its connector on the Central Station. Although some technicians and astronauts on Earth believed that a repair was feasible, mission control ultimately decided that the time necessary for a repair could be put to better use on other work, and so the experiment was terminated.
LSM		Stored on the first subpackage.
PSE		Stored on the first subpackage.

Apollo 17[edit]

 

Layout of Apollo 17's ALSEP

Name	Picture	Notes
HFE		One of the probes can be seen in the foreground while the electronics box and the other probe can be seen in the background.
LACE
LEAM		The LEAM is in the foreground. The scientific validity of this experiment has been called into question because of some odd data.
LSPE		The upper image shows the antenna for the LSPE in the foreground. The middle image shows one of the charges. The bottom image shows the geophones.[2]
LSG		Because of a design error, the experiment could not accomplish what it was designed for.

After Apollo[edit]

The ALSEP system and instruments were controlled by commands from Earth. The stations ran from deployment until they were turned off on 30 September 1977 due primarily to budgetary considerations. Additionally, by 1977 the power packs could not run both the transmitter and any other instrument, and the ALSEP control room was needed for the attempt to reactivate Skylab. ALSEP systems are visible in several images taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter during its orbits over Apollo landing sites.

• 

  LRO photo showing the Apollo 17 ALSEP (science package)

   

• 

  LRO photo showing the Apollo 12 ALSEP